 There are three references to _Clockwork Orange, A (1971)_ (qv):  During the siege of Vienna, the French soldier raping an aristocrat  is wearing the same hat as one of the men in the rape film shown  during Alexs subjection to the Ludovico Treatment; the camera  craning down during the courtroom scene while Rossinis La Gazza  Ladra plays is similar to the scene in Clockwork where Alex and his  gang fight Billy Boy and his droogs (with the same music playing);  and during the "Ode to Joy" sequence, Beethovens father can be see  wielding a cane that looks exactly like Alexs.